La nueva arma para detectar y luchar contra la xylella fastidiosa viene del aire. Un nuevo estudio, publicado en la revista Nature Plants y que ha contado con la colaboración del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible del CSIC en Córdoba,propone un diagnóstico temprano, clave para una contención más efectiva. Los investigadores han logrado identificar la bacteria antes de que sean visibles los síntomas en los olivos infectados, gracias a nuevo método remoto de imagen que escanea huertos enteros desde el aire.
El análisis aéreo, que se puede realizar con aviones o drones, puede ayudar a controlar la propagación de la infección y salvar el árbol icónico del sur de Europa.
“Realizamos varias inspecciones intensivas anuales in situ de más de 7.000 árboles y recogimos datos de imágenes aerotransportadas en 15 olivos. Encontramos que las alteraciones fisiológicas causadas por la infección por Xylella fastidiosa en la etapa previsible eran detectables en rasgos funcionales vegetales evaluados remotamente por sensores hiperespectrales y térmicos”, dicen los autores en el trabajo.
Cámaras especiales
Pablo Zarco-Tejada, primer autor del estudio y científico en el Directorate D-Sustainable Resources de la Comisión Europea, y sus compañeros usaron cámaras especiales, instaladas a bordo de un avión pequeño, para captar tanto imágenes hiperespectrales (mirando a través de todo el rango electromagnético) como análisis de imágenes térmicas de los huertos.
Estos sensores registran los cambios fisiológicos y bioquímicos que se producen en una planta afectada por la enfermedad antes de que pueda ser detectada visualmente por sus síntomas, caracterizada en almendros por la coloración amarilla de las hojas desde la punta.
Luego los autores comprobaron los olivos desde el suelo para detectar la infección por Xylella. Así descubrieron que los efectos de la infección bacteriana pueden detectarse remotamente antes de que aparezcan los síntomas visibles, lo que permite un mapeo rápido y preciso de los olivos infectados con esta bacteria en los diferentes huertos.
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